The Stono Rebellion, also known as Cato's Conspiracy, was one of the largest slave uprisings in the British mainland colonies in North America. It took place on September 9, 1739, near the Stono River in South Carolina.

The rebellion was led by a literate slave named Jemmy, who was known as Cato. Jemmy and a group of about 20 enslaved Africans armed themselves, raided a firearms shop, and killed the two shopkeepers. They then proceeded to march south towards Spanish Florida, where they hoped to find refuge and freedom.

As they marched, the group grew in number, reaching nearly 100 slaves. They killed several white colonists along the way and raised a banner that read "Liberty!" As news spread, white militias and plantation owners mobilized to put down the rebellion.

The rebellion was eventually suppressed by the militia, and many of the rebels were killed in battle or captured and executed. The aftermath of the Stono Rebellion led to the tightening of slave codes and restrictions on enslaved Africans in the colonies, making it even more difficult for them to rebel or seek freedom.

The Stono Rebellion is significant in Black history as it demonstrated the resilience and resistance of enslaved Africans against the brutal institution of slavery. It also highlighted the lengths that enslaved people were willing to go to in order to fight for their freedom and humanity.