The Stono Rebellion, also known as Cato's Conspiracy, was a significant slave rebellion that took place on September 9, 1739, in South Carolina. It is considered one of the largest and most successful slave uprisings in the British mainland North American colonies before the American Revolution.

The rebellion began when a group of about 20 slaves, primarily from the Kingdom of Kongo, gathered near the Stono River, stole weapons and supplies from a local store, and began marching south towards Spanish Florida, where they hoped to reach freedom. Along the way, they raised a flag and chanted "Liberty!" as they recruited more enslaved Africans to join their uprising.

The rebels engaged in skirmishes with local militias, killing several white colonists before being ultimately defeated. Many of the rebels were captured or killed, and the uprising was quickly suppressed by the colonial authorities. In the aftermath of the rebellion, harsher slave codes were enacted, restricting the movement and assembly of enslaved people and further tightening control over their lives.

The Stono Rebellion highlighted the brutal conditions of slavery and the resistance of enslaved Africans against their oppressors. It also led to increased fears of slave revolts among white colonists, resulting in more oppressive measures to maintain control over the enslaved population. The legacy of the Stono Rebellion continues to be remembered as a symbol of resistance and resilience in the face of slavery.